Introductory Literature
French, Hilary:
Vanishing Borders: Protecting the Planet in the Age of Globalization.
New York: Norton, 2000.
Refering to the period of globalization, the volume summarizes changes in ecologically relevant trade flows according to volume and value as well as to geographical origin and destination. It provides a good overview although the data base might seem fragmentary.
WWF:
Living Planet Report 2002.
Gland: WWF International, 2002.
See also www.panda.org/downloads
Survey on the global withdrawal of ressources, their physical stocks, and the most important countries’ consumption share. Presented in ways of a graphic illustration, the survey is calculated according to the ecological footprint.
IFG - International Forum on Globalization (ed):
Interim Report: Intrinsic Consequences of Economic Globalization on the Environment.
San Francisco: IFG, 2002.
See also unter www.ifg.org
Interim report on the effects of market liberization on sectors such as forests, agriculture, climate, biodiversity etc.
UNEP:
Global Environmental Outlook 3.
London: Earthscan, 2002.
See also unter www.unep.org
Key volume on the global environmental situation. Explains the situation along individual sectors such as soil, forests, water, seas etc. along the continents. The volume ends providing four future scenarios:: "Markets First", "Policy First", "Security First", and "Sustainability First".
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Distribution of Environmental Burdens through Globalisation
resource flows, trade, "ecologically unfair trade", sustainable development, environmental impacts
Andersson, Jan O.; Lindroth, Mattias:
Ecologically Unsustainable Trade.
In: Ecological Economics 37 (2001), S. 113-122.
This paper shows the application of the ecological footprint concept to distinguish different types of ecologically unsustainable exchange through international trade.
Döppe, Tobias, Stefan Giljum, Mark Hammer, Friedrich Hinterberger, Fred Luks, Doris Schnepf, Joachim Spangenberg:
Free Trade, Sustainable Trade - a Contradiction?
Background Paper for the Debate on Trade and Sustainable Development after Johannesburg.
A Study of the Sustainable Europe Research Institute for Heinrich Boell Foundation (ed.) 2002.
This background paper reveals contradictions between the two concepts "free trade" and "sustainable trade", and provides suggestions how to reform the current system of "free trade" towards a sustainable development.
Giljum, Stefan:
Trade, Material Flows and Economic Development in the South: the Example of Chile
Paper submitted to the Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2002.
The paper analyzes the restructuring of the Chilean economy towards an active integration in the world market from the perspective of natural resource use.
Mason, Melanie:
A Look Behind Trend Data in Industrialization - the Role of Transnational Corporations and Environmental Impacts.
In: Global Environmental Change 7 (1997), 2, pp. 113-127.
The paper serves as an introduction to the role transnational companies play in industrialisation and global ecological effects. It examines the possibilities of solving regional and global environmental problems by illustrating the examples of the aluminium industry as well as the case of Brazil.
Muradian, Roldan; Martinez-Alier, Joan:
Globalization and Poverty - an Ecological Perspective.
World Summit Paper of the Heinrich Boell Foundation (ed.), No. 7, 2001.
The study provides a general overview of the role of transnational corporations in industrialisation and on environmental effects on a world-wide basis, in order to identify ways to solve environmental problems that are both regional and global.
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Globalisation, Transport and the Environment
Austrian Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management; OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development):
Environmentally Sustainable Transport: Futures, Strategies and Best Practices.
Vienna: Austrian Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, 2000.
Download at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/29/2388785.pdf
The report summarises the results of the OECD's Envionmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) project. The implementation of EST was considered as a long term (2030) challenge. Ambitious objectives like the reduction of carbon emissions from transport by 80% and a limited set of indicators for EST were identified. Besides a business-as-usual case, three EST-Backcasting-Scenarios were constructed in order to assess various strategies for EST. Moreover, the project assessed their social implications.
BTS (U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics):
The Changing Face of Transportation (BTS00-007).
Washington, DC: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2000.
Download at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/29/2388785.pdf
The Chapter on Globalization provides insights into the relationship between transport and globalization from a North American perspective. This allows to better understand the views of the protagonists of international transport and globalization.
Pastowski, Andreas:
Climate Policy for Civil Aviation: Actors, Policy Instruments and the Potential for Emissions Reductions.
In: Thomas, Callum; Raper, David; Upham, Paul; Maughan, Janet (eds.), Towards Sustainable Aviation: Trends and Issues, London: Earthscan, 2003, pp. 179-195.
International civil aviation operates according to a comprehensive set of globally harmonized rules. Resulting from traditionally widespread involvement of governments, the sector is often subject to liberalisation and privatisation. While its contribution to man-made climate change is substantially growing, its emissions of GHG are not included in the mitigation objectives of the Kyoto Protocol. The chapter provides a policy analysis regarding the problem, the actors directly involved, the potentials and the strategies for emissions reduction and potential contributions of the various political levels.
Schafer, Andreas; Victor, David G.:
The Future Mobility of the World Population.
In: Transportation Research Part A, vol. 34 (2000), pp. 171-205.
The article allows for insights into the development, structure and causes for global mobility. Based on time series and international comparisons, conclusions are drawn regarding cross-cultural similarities and differences. Besides, future trends for global mobility are derived.
Schipper, Lee; Marie-Lilliu, Cecile; Gorham, Roger:
Flexing the Link between Transport and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Paris: International Energy Agency, 2000.
This contributution on behalf of the World Bank analyses the causes of GHG emissions from transport as well as potentials and strategies for mitigation. As opposed to some other sectors, emissions from transport are on the rise in all world regions. Consequently, putting mitigation into practice in the transport sector requires a sobber analytical basis.
Steininger, Karl W.:
International Trade and Transport. Spatial Structure and Environmental Quality in a Global Economy.
Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2001.
The book contributes to economic theory in the field of international trade and transport. Following a review of the history of economic thought and modelling, new approaches like economic geography are assessed. A further analysis reveals that the internalisation of external costs in the transport sector will most likely affect international trade more than gross domestic product.
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